Electric appliances and tool are rarely constructed to accomplish immediately after being plugged into an electrical socket. A easy example of some expedient which operates immediately in this manner are Christmas lights.
Most devices are designed for single, more or less involved tasks or otherwise for many functions. For this reason, the performance of the expedient must be controlled, switched on or off, and regulated.
Programmable Logic Controller
The most easy controlling expedient is the on/off switch. It is so tasteless in fact that we do not even think it a controlling element. The task of a switch is to turn a current on or off, or otherwise to reverse it.
According to some program, involved controlling components are designed to turn the intensity of a current. They may regulate discrete electrical circuits and, in a easy manner, may be programmable. An example of this is a schedule in an automatic washing engine which controls the occasion and shutting of valves, the movement of the drum to the left or right, the pump, and so on.
There is often a differentiation in the middle of control and regulation. Control means that, agreeing to some set schematic, the flow of current may turn in different circuits (as in our automatic washing engine example). With regulation, quantities are measured and to which an appliance subsequently reacts. In a refrigerator, a compressor is activated or deactivated agreeing to the internal temperature of the fridge.
Some control and regulation components include galvanic coils, resistors, diodes, transistors and transformers. These galvanic components can be found in every electrical and electronic device. Only ten years ago, such components were ten times larger than they are today.
Modern, involved circuits are becoming increasingly smaller and are pressed onto plates. They are made from hundreds and thousands of individual components and are referred to as integrated circuits, Ics, chips or microchips. On an area smaller than 3 cm2, very integrated Lsi (large scale integration) chips include more data than 5,000 transistors.
This miniaturisation has enabled mankind to originate very small but affordable and fine electronic devices.
For comparison, we only need to look at the size of the first computers. The old computers were able to handle medium to difficult, numerous tasks but took up many rooms due to their size.
Current can be switched with the help of transistors and other electrical components. With thousands of electronic components, there are an immeasurable number of options how to switch such components on or off. The language and logic of a computer is based on two states: 1- on, 0- off (0/1; yes/no, true/false).
Thanks to very fine computers, very involved regulating tool can be programmed. Some programs allow a computer to amass caress so that it can react "intelligently" under obvious situation. Such programmable components are increasingly being located in automobiles, manufacture up for human error and used to avoid accidents.
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